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reverse mortgage
A reverse mortgage or home equity conversion mortgage (HECM) is a special type of home loan for older homeowners that requires no monthly mortgage payments. Borrowers are still responsible for property taxes and homeowner’s insurance. Reverse mortgages allow elders to access the home equity they have built up in their homes now, and defer payment of the loan until they die, sell, or move out of the home. Because there are no required mortgage payments on a reverse mortgage, the interest is added to the loan balance each month. The rising loan balance can eventually grow to exceed the value of the home, particularly in times of declining home values or if the borrower continues to live in the home for many years. However, the borrower (or the borrower’s estate) is generally not required to repay any additional loan balance in excess of the value of the home.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Reverse Mortgages: Report to Congress )〕 Specific rules for reverse mortgage transactions vary depending on the laws of the jurisdiction.
In a conventional mortgage, the homeowner makes a monthly payment to the lender. After each payment, the homeowner's equity increases by the amount of the principal included in the payment. In a reverse mortgage, a homeowner is not required to make monthly payments. If payments are not made, interest is added to the loan's balance.〔 Although the "rising loan balance can eventually grow to exceed the value of the home," "the borrower (or the borrower’s estate) is generally not required to repay any additional loan balance in excess of the value of the home."〔 In Canada, the loan balance cannot exceed the fair market value of the home by law.
Regulators and academics have given mixed commentary on the reverse mortgage market. Some economists argue that reverse mortgages allow the elderly to smooth out their income and consumption patterns over time, and thus may provide welfare benefits.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Reversing the Trend: The Recent Expansion of the Reverse Mortgage Market )〕〔Chen, Y-P. Unlocking home equity for the elderly (Ed. with K. Scholen). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1980.〕 However, regulatory authorities, such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, argue that reverse mortgages are "complex products and difficult for consumers to understand," especially in light of "misleading advertising," low-quality counseling, and "risk of fraud and other scams."〔 Moreover, the Bureau claims that many consumers do not use reverse mortgages for the positive, consumption-smoothing purposes advanced by economists.〔 In Canada, the borrower must seek independent legal advice before being approved for a reverse mortgage.
==Australia==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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